• Although many GPCR heteromers have been identified using het

  2019-10-10

  

  Although many GPCR heteromers have been identified using heterologous cell lines, only very few fit all three criteria. This is mainly due to the difficulties to study these structures in native tissues because of the lack of sensitive and selective tools, not only capable of detecting in vivo evide

• DDR plays a crucial role in regulating a wide variety

  2019-10-10

  

  DDR2 plays a crucial role in regulating a wide variety of fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion [17], [28], [29], [30]. The authors revealed compromised cell migration in DDR2-silenced fibroblasts exposed to Ang II, most likely due to the loss of

• VU 0364439 pathway Consistent with previous simulations on

  2019-10-10

  

  Consistent with previous simulations on the DFG-Asp-out/-in interconversion of Abl kinase, we only observe the DFG flip with protonated Asp747 (Shan et al., 2009). We showed previously that the pKa for the DFG-Asp in Abl is elevated at 6.5. Further “constant pH” simulations whereby protonation event

• The IV chains of mature GBM are

  2019-10-10

  

  The α3/α4/α5(IV)-chains of mature GBM are built exclusively by podocytes (not by endothelial cells) (Abrahamson et al., 2009), placing the podocytes into the focus of GBM-diseases such as Alport syndrome. Alport syndrome (AS) is caused by mutations in the COL4A3, 4 or 5 genes coding for the α3/α4/α5

• br Limitations There are some limitations to

  2019-10-10

  

  Limitations There are some limitations to take into account when interpreting these results. Firstly, direct causation cannot be established in this cross-sectional study, and it may be the downstream effects of TNFα, such as increased SM-406 pathway production, which are more proximally related

• DGAT-1 inhibitor pathway Behaviors were compared between sal

  2019-10-10

  

  Behaviors were compared between saline and amphetamine pre-treatment groups at 24h and 2 weeks following the last treatment, or between pre-treatment groups that received vehicle or ASV-30 infusions, using separate two-way ANOVAs. Significant effects were analyzed further using Student–Newman–Keuls

• To extend these toxicity minimization strategies to D

  2019-10-10

  

  To extend these toxicity minimization strategies to 3D tissues, a more complicated mass transfer model is necessary to account diffusion in the interstitial space, as well as transport across cell membranes. Until recently, tissue mass transport in cryobiology was modeled using classic spatially dep

• JNK-IN-7 Assessment of the activity of native and

  2019-10-10

  

  Assessment of the activity of native and denatured TAT-CPG2 after penetration suggests that TAT-CPG2 has been successfully delivered into the cells, and the transduced enzyme is functional inside the cells. The enzyme activity of both native and denatured TAT-fusion proteins in the cultured HepG2 JN

• Table shows the comparison results of error

  2019-10-10

  

  Table 2 shows the comparison results of error detection rate of each software-based CFC technique. Each version of benchmark is injected 10000 errors. Even though the injected errors are randomized in spite of their classifications, the large number of injected errors guarantees that all types of CF

• Peptides undergoing only a single hydroxylation i e PA

  2019-10-10

  

  Peptides undergoing only a single hydroxylation, i.e. PA-Hyp-KPAPK and PAPK-Hyp-APK, were then used to investigate the kinetics of vCPH co-factor and co-substrate dependences. The values for KMapp for Fe(II) and KM for 2OG for the two peptide substrates were within error (KMapp, Fe(II): 0.9 μM ± 0.1

• In cholesterol synthesis HMG CoA reductase is

  2019-10-10

  

  In cholesterol synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase is the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are commonly used for management of hypercholesterolemia. The presence of an HMG-like moiety on these drugs allows them to competitively bind to the catalytic do

• ClC is not only a chloride ion

  2019-10-10

  

  ClC-3 is not only a chloride ion channel but also a regulatory protein involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, migration, invasion, and distant metastasis [13,14]. Although abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR a

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Our

  2019-10-10

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our previous study showed that ERRγ negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation via inhibiting Runx2 transactivity (Jeong et al., 2009). In the present study, we found that ERRγ also induced miR-433 in osteogenic mesenchymal cell lineage C3H10T1/

• The redox sensitive transcription factor NF B

  2019-10-10

  

  The redox sensitive transcription factor NF-κB is reported to play a crucial role in the COPD pathogenesis via up regulating the expression of several cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules [71]. Incidentally, we and others have shown that PARP-1 modulates the NF-κB activation

• The isolation of a proteinaceous putative inhibitor

  2019-10-09

  

  The isolation of a proteinaceous putative inhibitor of cysteine proteases from the extracts of Y. enterocolitica and E. coli was performed by affinity chromatography on immobilized and inactivated papain (Fig. 7A). Instead of the column variant of this technique (Tsushima et al., 1992), we used a ba

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