• There have been attempts to stimulate

  2019-12-24

  

  There have been attempts to stimulate the dopaminergic system to influence cognition in women around menopause who have subjective complaints about their cognition by Epperson et al. (Epperson et al., 2011, Epperson et al., 2015). In perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, Epperson et al. found tha

• Previous studies have documented that SCFAs may elicit effec

  2019-12-24

  

  Previous studies have documented that SCFAs may elicit effects on lipid metabolism via de novo synthesis and transport. Acetate is not only used as an energy source, but is also constituted as a substrate for the cholesterol synthesis in the liver through acetyl-CoA, thus affecting plasma cholestero

• MoAbs targeting the tumourigenic pathways such as IGF R may

  2019-12-24

  

  MoAbs targeting the tumourigenic pathways, such as IGF-1R may theoretically have a dual working mechanism. On the one hand they block pathways having an anti-tumour working mechanism, and on the other hand they may also stimulate an immunological response inducing a reaction of the patients own immu

• br Acknowledgements The authors thank Drs C Klein

  2019-12-24

  

  Acknowledgements The authors thank Drs. C. Klein, I. Canisso and A. Claes with assistance in obtaining tissues. Supported by the Albert G. Clay Endowment, University of Kentucky. Introduction Neoplastic cells often develop drug resistance during tumor progression or cancer treatment (Turner a

• The assembly and maturation of

  2019-12-24

  

  The assembly and maturation of invadopodia can be initiated by chemical stimuli such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF), as well as the mechanical signals from extracellular matrix (ECM). Upon binding, EGF activates the EGF receptor (EGFR), which further activates several intracellular signaling p

• The biological actions of ET are mediated

  2019-12-24

  

  The biological actions of ET‐1 are mediated via two distinct receptor subtypes, the endothelin A and endothelin B receptors (ETA/ETB). While activation of ETA is assumed to mediate contraction of smooth muscle cells, the activity of ETB is related to transient vasodilation [22]. In human corpus cave

• br Acknowledgments br Multicellular organisms respond rapidl

  2019-12-24

  

  Acknowledgments Multicellular organisms respond rapidly, and adapt to cellular stress to maximize cell survival. The cellular stress response, also called (ISR), is universally conserved and independent of the stressor. ISR induces rapid, transient reprogramming of cellular protein translation

• Similar to EGFR another receptor tyrosine kinase RTK fibrobl

  2019-12-24

  

  Similar to EGFR, another receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), is gaining attention in the lung cancer setting. The protein expression of this receptor has been recently associated with a negative impact on lung cancer prognosis, supporting the idea that FGFR4

• While oxysterols were most extensively studied for

  2019-12-24

  

  While oxysterols were most extensively studied for its potent ability to mediate feedback regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis, some early investigations showed that the enzymes involved in its syntheses were highly upregulated in macrophages and dendritic cells—an indication of possible roles in

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Innate

  2019-12-24

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Innate immunity plays an essential role in the control and elimination of bacterial infection through production of inflammatory cytokines (Liu et al., 2015). Production of inflammatory cytokines requires the recognition of bacterial pathogen-associa

• br RING type E s and their

  2019-12-24

  

  RING-type E3s and their substrates There is enormous diversity in substrate ubiquitination and its regulation, as the targets of RING-type E3s are incredibly varied. RING-type E3s are implicated as tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and mediators of endocytosis, and play critical roles in complex mult

• SIRT has deacetylated regulation on

  2019-12-24

  

  SIRT1 has deacetylated regulation on numerous nonhistone protein substrates [Atgs, Foxo1, Foxo3, PGC-1α, NF-kB, E2F1 and p53] (Conrad et al., 2016) to play a key role in protecting against cell stress. Therefore, the role of SIRT1 in fluorine-induced oxidative stress was explored. The results reveal

• br Are incretins the only mediators of

  2019-12-24

  

  Are incretins the only mediators of the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors? Even though both GLP-1 and GIP were identified as substrates for DPP-4 early on [17], [19], [20], [22], and DPP-4 inhibition in vivo raises levels of the intact endogenous forms of both of them [43], [44], fr

• Several DA receptors heteromers with a

  2019-12-24

  

  Several DA receptors heteromers with a therapeutic potential have been described, including D1R/D3R (Fiorentini et al., 2010), but their roles remain to be established. Moreover, most studies on receptor heteromers in addiction focused on the striatum because of its key role in the pathology and its

• Since these first results KSTD activity has

  2019-12-23

  

  — Since these first results, Δ1-KSTD activity has been identified in many other microorganisms, albeit sometimes with different substrate preferences. For instance, Comamonas testosteroni ATCC 11996 (formerly Pseudomonas testosteroni) is active on several steroid substrates, but it cannot use 11β-hy

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