• Although the crystal structures of

  2020-08-10

  

  Although the crystal structures of Atg4C and Atg4D are not available, their three dimensional structures can be acquired by homology modeling, using the structure of Atg4B as a template (Zhang, Li, Ouyang, Liu, & Cheng, 2016). In that model, the catalytic triad is conserved (Cys110/Asp345/His347 for

• Several single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs in humans affec

  2020-08-10

  

  Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in humans affect CYP3A expression and activity (Lamba et al., 2002). The CYP3A4 SNP rs2740574 (also referred to as CYP3A4*1B, by The Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database, http://www.cypalleles.ki.se/) is a change in the promoter regi

• br Future direction and conclusion

  2020-08-10

  

  Future direction and conclusion Conflict of interest References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Introduction Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1; also referred to as the macrophage-colony stimulating

• Treatment related adverse events have been

  2020-08-10

  

  Treatment-related adverse events have been a serious issue in clinical application. Severe toxicity has been reported in clinical trials using antibody blockade of CSF-1R (20 mg/kg), PD-1, and CTLA-4.29, 30, 31 However, apparent side effects were not observed in our study with PLX3397 treatment alon

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2020-08-10

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank the Mouse Modeling, Integrated Microscopy, and FACS Facilities of IGB-CNR, Naples. Dr. Laura Pisapia is acknowledged for flow cytometry analyses. We are grateful to Prof. Chris Ponting and George A. Calin for insightful s

• Interest in the PGE EP pathway

  2020-08-10

  

  Interest in the PGE2/EP4 pathway is increasing given its diverse capability of regulating central nervous system activity [13]. EP4 has a protective function by reducing cerebral injury and improving functional outcome after stroke [14], and in suppressing geldanamycin inflammation [15]. The EP4 re

• The synthetic routes to the substrates based on

  2020-08-10

  

  The synthetic routes to the substrates based on the 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and 6,7-dibromo-2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene cores are depicted in Scheme 3. A Michael-type glycosylation of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene 16a gave the acetylated sugar 17a which was deprotected giving the required β-glucosidase sub

• The enantiomeric ratio ER of chiral compounds

  2020-08-10

  

  The enantiomeric ratio (ER) of chiral compounds accumulated in organisms has been found to be different among species (Borga and Bidleman, 2005, Harner et al., 1999, Warner et al., 2005, Wiberg et al., 2000), indicating enantioselective accumulation of chiral compounds are species-specific. The ER o

• Altogether these data suggested that GlmU might be involved

  2020-08-08

  

  Altogether these data suggested that GlmU might be involved in the M. smegmatis biofilm mediated defence mechanisms. GlmU belongs to a metabolic pathway leading to UDP-GlcNAc from fructose-1-phosphate involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide (Fig. 8). Recently, we demonst

• br Conclusion br Declaration of interest br

  2020-08-08

  

  Conclusion Declaration of interest Introduction Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is the main active ingredient in one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. The commercially used concentrations of glyphosate range from 1% for domestic use to 41% for conventional agricultura

• br Disclosure br Acknowledgments This study

  2020-08-08

  

  Disclosure Acknowledgments This study was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (22390391539) from JSPS, Japan. Introduction Taenia multiceps is a taeniid cestode with an adult stage that lives in the small intestine of dogs and other canids. The larval stage (Coenur

• br Other functions of SERPINB

  2020-08-07

  

  Other functions of SERPINB1 On one hand, we have recently shown that in bovine corneal epithelium LEI increases its expression early after injury and returns to basal levels immediately after wound closure [71]. This increase is blocked by N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that production of reactive

• An NDE of a predicted molecular mass

  2020-08-07

  

  An NDE3 of a predicted molecular mass of ∼55kDa has been localized both in the mitochondria and in the cytosol of N. crassa and its sequence shows no typical features of a mitochondrial cleavable targeting sequence (Carneiro et al. 2007). This enzyme has been proven to be anchored in the inner mitoc

• Additionally we observed the potential synergy of XJD and ge

  2020-08-06

  

  Additionally, we observed the potential synergy of XJD and gefitinib. As a first generation EGFR-TKI and first-line treatment for some NSCLC patients, gefitinib was reported to inhibit growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, and significantly prolong survival time for patients with tumors containing a

• Elastin is a highly elastic protein found in

  2020-08-06

  

  Elastin is a highly elastic protein found in connective tissues including skin, lung, and arteries and helps in maintaining tissue configuration after stretch or recoil (Daamen et al., 2007, Debelle and Alix, 1999). Overexposure to UV irradiation and oxidative damage up regulate the expression of el

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